(Based on NCERT – Themes in World History) Total: 100 MCQs
🟩 SECTION A – Basic Factual MCQs (1–20)
Q1. The term “Indigenous Peoples” refers to —
A. European settlers
B. Original inhabitants of a region
C. Industrial workers
D. Colonial administrators
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Indigenous peoples are the original inhabitants of a region who lived there before the arrival of colonizers or settlers.
Q2. The European colonization of America began in ___________ .
A. 14th century
B. 15th century
C. 16th century
D. 17th century
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Christopher Columbus’s voyage in 1492 marked the beginning of European colonization in the Americas.
Q3. Which of the following countries had large indigenous populations before European colonization?
A. Canada and Australia
B. India and China
C. France and England
D. Japan and Korea
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Canada and Australia were inhabited by Indigenous peoples — First Nations in Canada and Aboriginals in Australia.
Q4. The indigenous people of Australia are known as —
A. Red Indians
B. Maori
C. Aboriginals
D. Eskimos
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Aboriginals are the first inhabitants of Australia, having lived there for over 50,000 years.
Q5. The indigenous people of New Zealand are called —
A. Inuit
B. Maori
C. Aborigines
D. Mayans
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Maori migrated to New Zealand from Polynesia around 1000 years ago.
Q6. The indigenous people of North America are often referred to as —
A. Mayans
B. Indians
C. Native Americans
D. Colonists
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Native Americans are the original inhabitants of North America, including tribes like Apache, Sioux, and Cherokee.
Q7. The policy of removing Indigenous children from their families in Australia was known as —
A. The “Lost Generations” policy
B. The “Stolen Generations” policy
C. The “Forced Migration” policy
D. The “White Assimilation” policy
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Between 1910–1970, many Aboriginal children were forcibly taken away to promote assimilation — known as the Stolen Generations.
Q8. The European settlement in North America began mainly by —
A. Spanish and Portuguese
B. British and French
C. Dutch and Germans
D. Italians and Greeks
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The British and French established major colonies in Canada and the eastern United States.
Q9. In North America, settlers pushed Indigenous peoples to —
A. Urban centers
B. Coastal areas
C. Reservations
D. Industrial zones
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Indigenous tribes were forced into reservations — restricted areas controlled by colonial authorities.
Q10. The most significant economic activity of European settlers in Australia was —
A. Fishing
B. Mining
C. Sheep rearing (pastoral farming)
D. Forestry
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Pastoral farming, especially sheep rearing, dominated Australia’s settler economy.
Q11. The British declared “terra nullius” in Australia, meaning —
A. Land belonging to the King
B. Land belonging to Indigenous people
C. Land belonging to no one
D. Land of the settlers
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Terra nullius means “land belonging to no one,” used by the British to justify seizing Indigenous land.
Q12. The Maori Wars in New Zealand were fought between —
A. Settlers and Maori tribes
B. France and Britain
C. Maori and Aborigines
D. British and Dutch
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Maori Wars (1845–1872) occurred between the Maori people and European settlers over land disputes.
Q13. The Native American population drastically decreased due to —
A. War and disease
B. Industrialization
C. Urbanization
D. Migration
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: European diseases like smallpox and violent conflicts decimated Indigenous populations.
Q14. The policy that aimed to “civilize” Indigenous people through Christianity and European culture was called —
A. Assimilation
B. Federation
C. Emancipation
D. Liberalization
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The assimilation policy sought to absorb Indigenous people into settler society.
Q15. Who were the “Frontiersmen” in American history?
A. Traders and farmers moving westward
B. Colonial administrators
C. British soldiers
D. Religious missionaries
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Frontiersmen were settlers expanding westward into Indigenous territories.
Q16. The major industry that led to the displacement of Indigenous people in North America was —
A. Mining
B. Agriculture and ranching
C. Shipbuilding
D. Oil drilling
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Agriculture and cattle ranching expanded rapidly, pushing Indigenous tribes off their lands.
Q17. The Canadian government signed treaties with Indigenous people mainly to —
A. Establish trade
B. Acquire land for settlement
C. Promote education
D. End wars in Europe
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: These treaties allowed European settlers to occupy Indigenous territories.
Q18. Which disease wiped out a large portion of Indigenous populations after European contact?
A. Cholera
B. Smallpox
C. Malaria
D. Plague
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Smallpox was the most devastating disease introduced by Europeans to the Americas and Australia.
Q19. The term “frontier” in settler history refers to —
A. Boundaries of European kingdoms
B. Unexplored territories being colonized
C. Urban industrial zones
D. Trade borders
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The frontier was the moving boundary between settled and Indigenous lands.
Q20. The Native American resistance leader who fought against U.S. expansion was —
A. Sitting Bull
B. Columbus
C. George Washington
D. Pizarro
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Sitting Bull led the Lakota Sioux in resisting American expansion; he was killed in 1890.
🟨 SECTION B – Conceptual & Analytical MCQs (21–40)
Q21. The main motive behind European expansion into Indigenous territories was —
A. Scientific curiosity
B. Humanitarian aid
C. Economic exploitation and land acquisition
D. Religious harmony
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Colonizers were driven by the desire for land, natural resources, and wealth through trade and agriculture.
Q22. Which of the following statements about “settler colonies” is correct?
A. They were controlled from Europe but not populated by Europeans.
B. They were inhabited mainly by Europeans who settled permanently.
C. They were ruled by Indigenous kings.
D. They had no European presence.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Settler colonies like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand were territories where Europeans settled permanently, displacing natives.
Q23. The ideology of “Manifest Destiny” in the USA justified —
A. Limiting colonization
B. Expanding westward into Indigenous lands
C. Freeing Indigenous peoples
D. Ending slavery
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: “Manifest Destiny” was the belief that Americans were destined by God to expand across the continent.
Q24. The discovery of gold in California (1848) and Australia (1851) led to —
A. Population decrease
B. Environmental protection
C. Massive migration and Indigenous displacement
D. Religious revival
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Gold rushes caused rapid migration of settlers, pushing Indigenous peoples off their traditional lands.
Q25. Which factor contributed most to the decline of Indigenous populations?
A. Industrialization
B. Trade restrictions
C. Diseases and violence
D. Religious conversion
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Diseases like smallpox, along with warfare and starvation, devastated native communities.
Q26. The Reservation System in North America was created to —
A. Protect Indigenous sovereignty
B. Confine Indigenous people to limited areas
C. Promote Indigenous trade
D. Encourage migration to Europe
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Reservations were small, often poor-quality lands where Indigenous peoples were forcibly relocated.
Q27. The Native Land Act (1913) in South Africa resembled policies in —
A. India
B. Canada and Australia
C. Japan
D. Egypt
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Like Canada and Australia, South Africa’s Native Land Act restricted Indigenous land ownership.
Q28. The “Trail of Tears” refers to —
A. A Native American migration route
B. Forced removal of Cherokee people by the U.S. government
C. A trade route to Mexico
D. The path of explorers
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: In 1838–39, thousands of Cherokee were forcibly relocated westward; many died along the route, known as the Trail of Tears.
Q29. One major effect of colonization on Indigenous cultures was —
A. Preservation of native languages
B. Spread of native governance
C. Loss of traditional knowledge and language
D. Increase in Indigenous autonomy
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Colonizers imposed their languages and education systems, leading to cultural and linguistic loss.
Q30. The Native Title Act (1993) in Australia was significant because —
A. It took away Indigenous rights
B. It recognized Indigenous land ownership
C. It established British sovereignty
D. It banned Indigenous movements
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Act legally acknowledged Indigenous Australians’ right to land based on traditional laws.
Q31. In Canada, the Indigenous peoples are collectively called —
A. Maori
B. Eskimos and First Nations
C. Settlers
D. Creoles
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The main groups are First Nations, Inuit (Eskimos), and Métis.
Q32. The British justification for colonization often included —
A. “Civilizing mission” and “Christianization”
B. “Industrial expansion”
C. “Mutual cooperation”
D. “Cultural diversity”
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Europeans claimed they were bringing civilization and Christianity to “uncivilized” people.
Q33. What was the role of missionaries in settler colonies?
A. They fought against colonization
B. They promoted Indigenous autonomy
C. They spread Christianity and Western education
D. They supported Indigenous customs
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Missionaries were instrumental in converting Indigenous populations and establishing schools to spread European values.
Q34. Which of the following was not a consequence of European settlement?
A. Spread of new diseases
B. Increase in Indigenous population
C. Displacement from ancestral lands
D. Environmental degradation
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Indigenous populations declined drastically due to colonization, not increased.
Q35. In New Zealand, the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) was signed between —
A. British Crown and Maori chiefs
B. French settlers and Maori tribes
C. Maori tribes and Australians
D. Americans and New Zealanders
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The Treaty gave British sovereignty while promising Maori protection — later heavily contested.
Q36. The British used the concept of “terra nullius” mainly to —
A. Recognize Indigenous ownership
B. Justify occupation of lands seen as “empty”
C. Encourage trade with Indigenous people
D. Limit settlement
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Declaring land as terra nullius allowed Britain to seize territory without negotiation.
Q37. The Métis community of Canada emerged from —
A. European settlers and Indigenous marriages
B. Slaves and farmers
C. African traders
D. French officials
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The Métis are descendants of Indigenous women and European (mainly French) fur traders.
Q38. Which of the following statements about Indigenous displacement is true?
A. It was voluntary
B. It often involved forced relocation and violence
C. It happened through peaceful negotiation
D. It benefited Indigenous populations
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Most displacement occurred through coercion, violence, or deceptive treaties.
Q39. One of the long-term impacts of Indigenous displacement is —
A. Stronger Indigenous governance
B. Continued social and economic inequality
C. Revival of traditional lands
D. Elimination of colonial influence
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Indigenous communities today still face poverty, discrimination, and loss of cultural identity due to colonial policies.
Q40. The “Protection Acts” in 19th-century Australia were meant to —
A. Provide land to settlers
B. Control Indigenous lives and movement
C. Protect Indigenous traditions
D. Encourage migration to cities
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: These Acts gave the government full control over Indigenous people — where they could live, work, or marry.
SECTION C – Assertion and Reason Type Questions (Q41–Q70)
(Choose the correct option:)
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Q41.
Assertion (A): European settlers claimed that Indigenous people did not “own” land.
Reason (R): Indigenous land was considered terra nullius, or land belonging to no one.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Europeans used the concept of terra nullius to justify seizing Indigenous land since natives had no “legal ownership” in European terms.
Q42.
A: European colonizers believed they were bringing “civilization” to Indigenous societies.
R: They introduced Christianity, education, and Western laws as part of a “civilizing mission.”
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true, and the civilizing mission justified colonization under a moral disguise.
Q43.
A: The population of Indigenous peoples increased after European settlement.
R: Settlers introduced new farming methods and healthcare facilities.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The Indigenous population decreased drastically due to disease, war, and dispossession.
Q44.
A: “Manifest Destiny” was used to justify American expansion into Indigenous lands.
R: It claimed that Americans had a divine right to expand westward.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The ideology of Manifest Destiny served as a religious and political justification for westward expansion.
Q45.
A: The Trail of Tears refers to voluntary migration of Native Americans.
R: They willingly left their homelands to settle in better regions.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both statements are false — it was a forced removal causing thousands of deaths.
Q46.
A: European diseases caused large-scale Indigenous deaths.
R: Indigenous people lacked immunity to foreign pathogens.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Diseases like smallpox were new to Indigenous populations, leading to mass mortality.
Q47.
A: Aboriginal children in Australia were removed from families under the “Stolen Generations.”
R: The government wanted to assimilate them into white society.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True — this policy aimed to erase Indigenous identity by integrating children into European households.
Q48.
A: The Treaty of Waitangi (1840) gave full sovereignty to the Maori tribes.
R: It was a fair and equal agreement between Maori and British settlers.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The treaty was unequal — Maori sovereignty was undermined, and British rule was established.
Q49.
A: European settlement in Australia led to environmental transformation.
R: Introduction of sheep and cattle altered land use and vegetation.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True — grazing destroyed native grasslands and disrupted Indigenous hunting grounds.
Q50.
A: The reservation system in North America preserved Indigenous traditions.
R: Reservations gave full autonomy and freedom to Indigenous tribes.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Reservations restricted movement and imposed control; traditions were suppressed, not preserved.
Q51.
A: Indigenous people resisted colonization through wars and cultural revival.
R: They accepted colonization peacefully.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Indigenous resistance was active; they fought and defended their territories through wars and revolts.
Q52.
A: The Métis people of Canada are of mixed Indigenous and European descent.
R: They emerged due to trade relations between French fur traders and Indigenous women.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true — Métis culture blended Indigenous and European traditions.
Q53.
A: The Canadian government always respected Indigenous treaties.
R: It provided equal rights and land as promised.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Many treaties were violated; Indigenous people lost lands despite agreements.
Q54.
A: Colonizers introduced Christianity among Indigenous peoples.
R: Missionaries viewed Indigenous spiritual practices as “pagan.”
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True — conversion efforts aimed to replace native religions with Christianity.
Q55.
A: The Gold Rush increased wealth among Indigenous tribes.
R: Indigenous people controlled gold mining areas.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false — settlers took over the land, and Indigenous people suffered displacement.
Q56.
A: The Native Title Act (1993) restored some land rights to Indigenous Australians.
R: It legally recognized traditional ownership under modern law.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true — it was the first act to formally recognize Indigenous land ownership.
Q57.
A: The policy of “Protection” in Australia helped safeguard Aboriginal rights.
R: It allowed government control over every aspect of Indigenous life.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The policy was repressive; it limited freedom instead of protection.
Q58.
A: Colonization was based on racial superiority.
R: Europeans considered themselves more “civilized” than Indigenous peoples.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true, and racial ideology justified colonial domination.
Q59.
A: The British established settler colonies only for trade purposes.
R: They did not settle permanently in colonized lands.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false — settler colonies were for permanent European settlement, not just trade.
Q60.
A: Indigenous displacement resulted in cultural erosion.
R: Traditional customs and languages were suppressed by colonial institutions.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True — missionary schools and forced assimilation caused cultural loss.
Q61.
A: The concept of “frontier” symbolizes peaceful coexistence.
R: It referred to expansion into unclaimed Indigenous territories.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The frontier represented violent expansion and conquest, not peace.
Q62.
A: Indigenous people were integrated into European political systems on equal terms.
R: Colonization brought democracy for all races.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: False — Indigenous people were excluded from political rights.
Q63.
A: The expansion of railways helped settlers seize Indigenous lands.
R: Railways made remote regions accessible for colonization and farming.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Railways facilitated economic expansion and displacement of Indigenous tribes.
Q64.
A: European settlers viewed nature as a resource to exploit.
R: Indigenous peoples treated land as sacred and communal.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True — contrasting worldviews led to conflict over land use.
Q65.
A: Indigenous populations adapted to colonization by creating hybrid cultures.
R: They blended native and European traditions to survive.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Many Indigenous groups preserved identity through cultural adaptation.
Q66.
A: The British Crown recognized Aboriginal land ownership from the beginning.
R: The doctrine of terra nullius protected Indigenous rights.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false — terra nullius denied Aboriginal ownership completely.
Q67.
A: European colonization in settler colonies was peaceful.
R: Indigenous people welcomed European settlement.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false — colonization was marked by violence and exploitation.
Q68.
A: Indigenous leaders like Sitting Bull and Te Rauparaha resisted European domination.
R: They aimed to defend their land and culture.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true — they led major resistance movements against colonial encroachment.
Q69.
A: Industrialization in Europe reduced colonization pressure.
R: It created less need for raw materials and land.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: False — industrialization increased demand for colonies and resources.
Q70.
A: Indigenous displacement was a part of global colonial expansion.
R: It accompanied European imperialism and the rise of settler societies.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true and connected — displacement was central to European imperial expansion.
🟦 SECTION D – Source-Based / Statement-Type MCQs (Q71–Q85)
(Each question is followed by four options; choose the correct one.)
📘 Source 1: A British Official’s Report on Aboriginals (1835)
“The natives are few in number and incapable of cultivating the vast lands they occupy. It would be for the benefit of civilization that European settlers should make productive use of these lands.”
Q71. The above statement reflects which colonial ideology?
A. Racial equality
B. Economic partnership
C. Civilizing mission and terra nullius
D. Humanitarian concern
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The quote reveals terra nullius (land of no one) ideology — Europeans justified taking Indigenous land by claiming natives did not “use” it efficiently.
Q72. What attitude does the author display toward Indigenous peoples?
A. Respectful and cooperative
B. Dismissive and superior
C. Sympathetic and helpful
D. Indifferent
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The tone shows racial superiority, portraying Indigenous people as inferior and incapable.
Q73. According to the passage, the settlers believed they were —
A. Helping Indigenous communities
B. Protecting Indigenous land rights
C. Bringing progress and civilization
D. Restoring Indigenous governance
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Europeans considered their colonization as “civilizing” backward people — a justification for exploitation.
📘 Source 2: Report from the United States, 1830s
“The tribes east of the Mississippi shall be removed to lands westward, where they may live in peace and be free from state laws.”
Q74. This policy refers to —
A. Freedom Act
B. The Indian Removal Act
C. The Gold Rush Treaty
D. The Homestead Act
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Indian Removal Act (1830) led to the forced relocation of Native Americans — notably the Cherokee — resulting in the Trail of Tears.
Q75. What was the real motive behind this policy?
A. Protecting Indigenous independence
B. Expanding white settlement
C. Reducing taxation
D. Creating wildlife reserves
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It aimed to make fertile eastern lands available for white settlers and farmers.
Q76. The phrase “free from state laws” was misleading because —
A. The tribes were given complete sovereignty
B. The U.S. still controlled their lands and movements
C. The policy abolished reservations
D. Indigenous people gained independence
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Although stated as “freedom,” in reality, Native Americans were relocated and placed under federal control.
📘 Source 3: From a Missionary’s Diary (1870s)
“We must teach the natives the ways of Christ and labor, for only then shall they abandon their savage customs.”
Q77. The author’s attitude best represents —
A. Religious tolerance
B. Cultural pluralism
C. Christian missionary zeal and cultural superiority
D. Economic partnership
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Missionaries viewed Indigenous people as “uncivilized” and believed conversion was moral duty.
Q78. The term “savage customs” here shows —
A. Cultural relativism
B. Disrespect and ethnocentrism
C. Genuine curiosity
D. Equality in culture
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It reveals ethnocentric bias — judging Indigenous traditions as inferior to European norms.
Q79. One result of such missionary activity was —
A. Cultural exchange
B. Loss of Indigenous languages and traditions
C. Growth of Indigenous autonomy
D. Political independence
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Missionary schools suppressed native culture, promoting English and Christianity.
📘 Source 4: From the Native Title Act, Australia (1993)
“The law recognizes and protects the native title of Indigenous people to their traditional lands, provided that title has not been extinguished.”
Q80. The term “native title” refers to —
A. Citizenship rights
B. Land ownership based on traditional laws and customs
C. Religious titles granted by church
D. Colonial land grants
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Native title acknowledges Indigenous ownership based on ancestral connection to the land.
Q81. The condition “provided that title has not been extinguished” means —
A. Only lands still under Indigenous use qualify
B. All Indigenous land is automatically restored
C. Titles can’t be claimed after 1900
D. Settlers lose all land rights
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Native title applied only where Indigenous people could prove continuous connection to the land.
Q82. The passage reflects a shift in —
A. Colonial policy
B. Modern recognition of Indigenous rights
C. Expansion of settlements
D. Religious conversion
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Act marked a modern legal recognition of Indigenous land ownership and justice for historical wrongs.
📘 Source 5: Map-Based Observation
Q83. The westward movement of settlers was most directly linked to —
A. Industrial Revolution in Asia
B. Agricultural expansion and land hunger
C. Decline of European colonies
D. End of slavery
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Settlers sought fertile farmland, pushing Native Americans westward.
Q84. Which famous phrase described this westward expansion as a national duty?
A. Open Door Policy
B. Monroe Doctrine
C. Manifest Destiny
D. Freedom Charter
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Manifest Destiny justified U.S. expansion across the continent as divine mission.
Q85. The regions marked as “reservations” on the map were —
A. Self-governing Indigenous states
B. Areas of forced relocation and restricted life
C. Commercial trade zones
D. Military training regions
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Reservations were confined areas where Indigenous tribes were moved forcibly under government control.
SECTION E – Chronology, Map-Based & Mixed-Type MCQs (Q86–Q100)
Q86. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
- Aboriginal Protection Act (Australia)
- Gold Rush in California
- British settlement in New Zealand
- Discovery of gold in Australia
A. 3, 2, 4, 1
B. 2, 3, 4, 1
C. 4, 3, 1, 2
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
✅ Answer: B. 2, 3, 4, 1
Explanation: Gold was first discovered in California (1848), British settled in New Zealand (1840), gold found in Australia (1851), and Aboriginal Protection Act was passed in 1869.
Q87. Which of the following regions witnessed large-scale migration during the Gold Rush?
A. Siberia
B. California and Australia
C. Canada and Greenland
D. Africa and Asia
✅ Answer: B. California and Australia
Explanation: The Gold Rush of the mid-19th century drew migrants to California (1848) and Australia (1851) in search of wealth.
Q88. Which indigenous group occupied the plains of North America?
A. Maori
B. Aztecs
C. Plains Indians
D. Aborigines
✅ Answer: C. Plains Indians
Explanation: The Plains Indians (Sioux, Cheyenne, etc.) inhabited the central plains and faced displacement due to expansion of settlers.
Q89. The Maori wars took place in which century?
A. 16th
B. 17th
C. 18th
D. 19th
✅ Answer: D. 19th
Explanation: The New Zealand Wars (Maori Wars) were fought mainly between 1845–1872.
Q90. The “Trail of Tears” is associated with which indigenous community?
A. Apache
B. Cherokee
C. Maori
D. Inuit
✅ Answer: B. Cherokee
Explanation: The Cherokee were forcibly relocated from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838–39, a tragic event known as the Trail of Tears.
Q91. The Aboriginal Protection Act in Australia primarily aimed to:
A. Give Aborigines land rights
B. Control and restrict Aboriginal life and movement
C. Promote Aboriginal education
D. Protect their religion
✅ Answer: B. Control and restrict Aboriginal life and movement
Explanation: The Act was a repressive law that allowed authorities to remove children and regulate Aboriginal communities.
Q92. Which indigenous leader is famous for resisting British rule in New Zealand?
A. Te Rauparaha
B. Sitting Bull
C. Crazy Horse
D. Tecumseh
✅ Answer: A. Te Rauparaha
Explanation: Te Rauparaha was a Maori chief who led resistance against British encroachment.
Q93. Match the following pairs correctly:
| A | B |
|---|---|
| (1) Australia | (a) Aboriginals |
| (2) New Zealand | (b) Maoris |
| (3) North America | (c) Native Americans |
| (4) Canada | (d) Inuit |
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
C. 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
D. 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
✅ Answer: A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
Explanation: Correctly matches each region with its native group.
Q94. Which of the following was not a reason for displacement of indigenous peoples?
A. European settlement
B. Gold rush and land greed
C. Missionary activities
D. Indigenous population growth
✅ Answer: D. Indigenous population growth
Explanation: The displacement was caused by European colonization, not by the growth of indigenous populations.
Q95. Which indigenous group is found in Canada’s Arctic region?
A. Inuit
B. Maori
C. Cherokee
D. Sioux
✅ Answer: A. Inuit
Explanation: Inuit people inhabit Arctic Canada, Greenland, and Alaska.
Q96. The main policy used by settlers to justify taking land from indigenous peoples was:
A. Doctrine of Terra Nullius
B. Divine Right
C. Manifest Destiny
D. Civilizing Mission
✅ Answer: A. Doctrine of Terra Nullius
Explanation: The British declared Australian land “empty” (Terra Nullius) to claim ownership.
Q97. Which event led to the rapid expansion of white settlements in western America?
A. Industrial Revolution
B. American Revolution
C. Gold Rush
D. French Revolution
✅ Answer: C. Gold Rush
Explanation: Gold discoveries in the west accelerated migration and land seizures.
Q98. The Canadian government’s “Residential Schools” policy aimed to:
A. Educate native children
B. Assimilate indigenous children into European culture
C. Preserve native traditions
D. Protect native languages
✅ Answer: B. Assimilate indigenous children into European culture
Explanation: Indigenous children were forcibly taken to schools to “Europeanize” them, erasing their culture and language.
Q99. The indigenous peoples of Australia refer to their “Dreamtime” as:
A. A historical legend of creation
B. A protest movement
C. A war tradition
D. A colonial term for exile
✅ Answer: A. A historical legend of creation
Explanation: “Dreamtime” refers to Aboriginal spiritual beliefs explaining creation and ancestral heritage.
Q100. Which of the following statements is true regarding the displacement of indigenous peoples?
A. It improved their living standards.
B. It caused loss of land, culture, and population.
C. It led to religious freedom.
D. It promoted equality among races.
✅ Answer: B. It caused loss of land, culture, and population.
Explanation: European colonization destroyed indigenous societies, took away land, and led to mass suffering and decline.
