Important Question Answer of Political Science Class 11, Chapter 1 Constitution – Why and How?

Q1. What is a Constitution?
Answer:
A Constitution is a written document that lays down the fundamental principles according to which a country is governed. It defines the structure, functions, and powers of government institutions and protects the rights and duties of citizens.

Q2. Why do we need a Constitution in a democracy?
Answer:
In a democracy, a Constitution ensures that the government is run according to established rules. It limits the power of rulers, protects the rights of citizens, and ensures equality, justice, and liberty for all.

Q3. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution. He played a key role in shaping the structure and content of the Constitution.

Q4. What is meant by the Preamble of the Constitution?
Answer:
The Preamble is the introductory statement of the Constitution. It states the source of authority, the nature of the Indian state, and the objectives like justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Q5. When was the Indian Constitution adopted and enforced?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day.

Q6. What do you understand by constitutional amendments?
Answer:
A constitutional amendment is a formal change or addition made to the Constitution. It allows the Constitution to evolve with changing needs and circumstances.

Q7. Why is a Constitution necessary for a country?
Answer:
A Constitution is essential for any country as it provides a framework for governance and defines the powers and functions of different organs of the government. It ensures that those in power cannot misuse their authority and are bound by legal limitations. The Constitution reflects the aspirations and values of the society, such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It lays down the fundamental rights of citizens and protects minority interests. It also specifies how the government is formed, how laws are made, and how disputes are settled. In essence, the Constitution acts as the supreme law that guides both the government and the citizens.

Q8. Describe the main functions of a Constitution.
Answer:
The Constitution performs the following key functions:

Defines the structure of government – legislature, executive, and judiciary.

Limits the powers of government through rules and laws.

Protects the rights of citizens such as freedom of speech, religion, and equality.

Ensures the rule of law and prevents arbitrary actions.

Provides a framework for law-making and governance.

Specifies national values and goals, especially through the Preamble.

Balances power between different organs of government and between the Centre and the States.

Thus, the Constitution creates the legal and moral foundation for governance and democracy.

Q9. How was the Constitution of India framed?
Answer:
The Constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly, which was formed in 1946. It consisted of members elected from various provinces and princely states. The Assembly included representatives of different communities, regions, and ideologies. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, which prepared the first draft. The Constitution was debated and discussed for 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, during which over 2000 amendments were proposed. The final draft was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. The Constitution reflects the values of the freedom movement and is inspired by constitutions of various countries, adapted to Indian conditions.

Q10. What are the main features of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution has several important features:

Written and Lengthiest Constitution – Detailed provisions with 448 articles and 12 schedules.

Federal structure with unitary features – Power shared between Centre and States, but Centre is stronger.

Parliamentary system – Based on the British model; real executive is Prime Minister.

Secularism – Equal treatment of all religions.

Democratic Republic – Head of state is elected; people have the power to choose their representatives.

Fundamental Rights and Duties – Guaranteed to all citizens.

Directive Principles of State Policy – Guidelines for social and economic development.

Independent Judiciary – Ensures justice and protects the Constitution.

These features make it a living and dynamic document suitable for a diverse society like India.